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Original article
Title ‘‘Social justice’’ How to measure fairness before saying that there is or is not fair in Thai society
Author Teera Sindecharak
Page 39-47

Abstract 

Social justice measurement is reflected in the views and opinions of the public to the social justice issue in Thailand. This research aims to measure social justice based on the values of justice. The researcher used the questionnaire as a tool for collecting survey data by in-depth interview with 8,116 samples. This study tests different calculation methods that are according to main component analysis. The result of the calculation is not equal.

The first social justice index result, calculated by average of dimensions and aspects, found that the average is 62.55 percent. The second result, calculated by average of dimensions and weight of aspects, found that the justice index is 65.33 percent. The third result, calculated by weight of dimensions and average of aspects, found that the justice index is 54.30 percent.

According to the results of 3 methods. The justice index from the second method has the highest level. The data distribution is the source of weighted dimensions and aspects. If the data is distributed, it has a direct effect on the main component analysis. This method is suitable method. Therefore, social justice and measurement adapt to reliable concrete object that depends on the user.

Keywords: Social justice, Measurement, Inequality, Thai Society

Introduction

 "Justice" is a complex issue, hiding various conditions. Every social context is therefore linked to fairness, both open and hidden in various dimensions of society. Consciousness Social Relations Social structure as well as cultural products in society. All of this has to do with fairness issues. Fairness issues are complex and difficult to define.

"In today's society there is a fine line between justice and fairness that is not clear in which justice is related to rules and regulations of government and related agencies. There are many dimensions of complexity". More comprehensive (Techapira, 2014).

Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to understand the situation of justice through various perspectives, not to be trapped in the sense of fairness only under the rules of legal justice system.

Methodology for indexing and data analysis, calculation of social justice index is important to adhere to the technical indexing principles. Paying attention to the set of data and the properties of the index data and understanding what they mean is important. Therefore, we should not take the data to average and find the index directly. This will result in discrepancies and cannot truly reflect social justice. The concept of such indexing is consistent with the opinion of (OECD, 2008 in Lounkaew, 2016), which sees that combining the data and finding the index directly is not the correct method.

Therefore, we have to classify the data and determine methods for finding the correct index values ​​in 2 steps with statistical methods as follows.

Step 1 Grouping data so that it is appropriate and consistent for indexing using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method by weighting the data set according to the main dimensions and in the sub dimensions. This will give an indication of the weight or score of each factor which will affect the index created.

Step 2 Index calculation ​​by finding mean value. The researcher focus on creating an index by giving value by the weight of the dimension and how much in each dimension or factor should be determined. By considering the frequency and the value that the person must choose to answer that item the most. These reflect value and weight in each main dimension and in different sub dimensions.

  To calculate the index is between 0-100. At the same time, the weight of the scores in each dimension is in the range 1-100 as well. In order to average each of the main dimensions, the sub-dimensions are performed in the same way. These methods allows reflections on the weight of each of the sub dimensions that informers give the  most importance to the matter and how much the index reflects the indicators and social justice.  It can reflect the value and the weighting of social justice in each subject as well.

By developing social justice indicators, social justice values ​​can be collected in areas collected from the population sampling process. It will be able to reflect the perspective and public opinion on the issue of justice in Thai society, which has a complex of concepts in the midst of changing economic, social and political conditions. Therefore, it is in line with the knowledge creation process.

The survey examines the phenomena that occur in society as well as issues of thinking systems and learning processes through the research process in order to lead to an efficient research process. It can be explained, create understanding of social phenomena, and create new knowledge which will be very beneficial to society.

Objective

This study uses social justice measures to determine social justice values. By using 3 measurement methods which are:

Method 1 Calculated by average of dimensions and aspects.

Method 2 Calculated by average of dimensions and weight of aspects.

Method 3 Calculated by weight of dimensions and average of aspects. 


 
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